Rajasthali and Belaichhari upazilas on the north, Ramu upazila on the south, Belaichhari and Ramu upazilas on the east, Bandarban sadar upazila on the west.

Rowangchhari thana was established in 1976 and was turned into an upazila in 1985. It consists of 4 union parishads, 13 mouzas and 115 villages.

Rowangchhari Upazila is located in Bandarban District. Upazilla(s)/Thana(s) in Bandarban are Alikadam Upazila, Bandarban Sadar Upazila, Lama Upazila, Naikhongchhari Upazila, Rowangchhari Upazila, Ruma Upazila, Thanchi Upazila.