Rowangchhari upazila on the north, Thanchi upazila on the south, Belaichhari upazila on the east, Bandarban sadar and Lama upazilas on the west.

Ruma thana was established in 1976 and was turned into an upazila in 1985. It consists of 4 union parishads, 13 mouzas and 155 villages.

Ruma Upazila is located in Bandarban District. Upazilla(s)/Thana(s) in Bandarban are Alikadam Upazila, Bandarban Sadar Upazila, Lama Upazila, Naikhongchhari Upazila, Rowangchhari Upazila, Ruma Upazila, Thanchi Upazila.