Rajasthali upazila on the north, Lama upazila on the south, Rowangchhari and Ruma upazilas on the east, Rangunia, Chandanaish, Satkania and Lohagara upazilas on the west.

Bandarban thana was established in 1923 and was turned into an upazila in 1983. It consists of 8 union parishads, 63 mouzas and 199 villages.

Bandarban Sadar Upazila is located in Bandarban District. Upazilla(s)/Thana(s) in Bandarban are Alikadam Upazila, Bandarban Sadar Upazila, Lama Upazila, Naikhongchhari Upazila, Rowangchhari Upazila, Ruma Upazila, Thanchi Upazila.